How Is Epilepsy Diagnosed?
How is epilepsy diagnosed?
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Accurate diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation – from detailed medical interviews to specialized brain imaging and EEG tests.
Medical History and Symptom Observation
The first step in diagnosing epilepsy is a thorough medical history. The neurologist interviews the patient (or witnesses of the seizure) about its course:
– How long did it last?
– Was there a loss of consciousness, muscle stiffness, or convulsions?
– Were there any warning signs such as an aura, unusual smells, or déjà vu?
The doctor will also ask about seizure triggers – stress, lack of sleep, flashing lights – and the patient’s medical background (head injuries, neurological infections, hereditary diseases). A family history of epilepsy is also important.
At Mediss Medical, we offer comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy for both adults and children.
EEG – Recording Brain Activity
An essential part of epilepsy diagnostics is an EEG (electroencephalogram), a non-invasive test that records brain activity using electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG helps detect characteristic abnormalities – such as sharp waves or spike-and-wave complexes – that may indicate epilepsy.
The standard EEG lasts 20–30 minutes, but extended EEG monitoring (several hours or 24-hour recording, including sleep) may be recommended in certain cases to capture a seizure during the test.
Keep in mind: a normal EEG result does not rule out epilepsy, and abnormalities don’t always confirm it. Interpretation must be done in the context of clinical symptoms.
Brain Imaging: MRI and CT
To identify possible causes of seizures, brain imaging is often required – most commonly an MRI or CT scan. These tests help detect structural brain changes such as:
– tumors,
– post-traumatic scars,
– congenital malformations,
– vascular anomalies,
– cortical atrophy.
MRI is preferred for its detailed view of brain structures.
Differential Diagnosis – Ruling Out Other Conditions
Some conditions may mimic epileptic seizures, so it is important to rule them out. A differential diagnosis may include:
– hypoglycemia (low blood sugar),
– cardiac arrhythmias,
– psychogenic (non-epileptic) seizures,
– central nervous system infections.
In selected cases, additional tests may be performed:
– blood tests (electrolytes, glucose),
– lumbar puncture,
– consultations with other specialists.
Conclusion
Diagnosing epilepsy requires collaboration between the patient and the neurologist, supported by modern diagnostic tools. A detailed history, EEG, imaging studies, and differential diagnosis allow for accurate recognition and effective treatment planning.
At Mediss Medical, we offer a comprehensive approach to epilepsy diagnosis in a professional and comfortable setting – schedule a neurological consultation today.
