Seborrheic Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common dermatological condition that, although not life-threatening, can significantly reduce the quality of daily life. Skin changes are often unsightly and visible, which can be a source of frustration for patients. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments of SD, as well as how Mediss Medical Clinic can assist in managing this condition.

Causes of Seborrheic Dermatitis

The exact causes of seborrheic dermatitis are not fully understood. It is generally attributed to a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Potential causes include:

• Overactive sebaceous glands: leading to excessive production of sebum.
• Pathological renewal processes of the epidermis: causing faster keratinization of skin cells.
• Malassezia furfur yeast infection: these fungi naturally occur on the skin, but their numbers are significantly higher in those with SD.
• Bacterial colonization: studies suggest that excessive colonization by Staphylococcus epidermidis can influence the development of SD.

The disease often occurs in individuals with other conditions such as acne, psoriasis, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, or HIV. Stress, hormonal imbalances, pollution, and an unhealthy diet can also exacerbate symptoms.

Symptoms of Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis presents differently depending on the location of the lesions. The most common symptoms are:

• Seborrhea: excessive sebum production, particularly on the scalp.
• Scales and crusts: greasy, yellow-gray scales on the scalp, eyebrows, face, and other areas rich in sebaceous glands.
• Inflammation: erythematous-squamous patches, often on the forehead, nasolabial folds, ears, neck, sternum, and other areas.
• Itching: severe itching, which can be aggravated by sweating.

Lesions may also appear on the eyelids, neck, armpits, groin, and other areas, causing significant discomfort.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis

Diagnosing SD often requires a dermatological consultation to exclude other conditions with similar symptoms, such as psoriasis, eczema, or allergic reactions.

Treatment of SD focuses on alleviating symptoms and preventing recurrences. Main treatment methods include:

• Topical medications: antifungal creams and ointments, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors.
• Keratolytic preparations: help remove excess scales.
• Medicated shampoos: containing salicylic acid, zinc, ketoconazole, tar, or selenium sulfide.
• Oral medications: in more severe cases, oral antifungal drugs and retinoids may be used.

Mediss Medical Clinic offers a comprehensive approach to treating SD, combining the latest therapeutic methods with a personalized approach to each patient. Our dermatologists assist in selecting the appropriate treatments and implementing preventive measures to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Skincare for Seborrheic Dermatitis

People with seborrheic dermatitis should use specialized products for daily skincare. Pharmacies and drugstores offer products labeled with DS or DS+, specifically designed for SD-affected skin.

It is advisable to avoid products containing petroleum jelly and acne skincare products, as they can worsen the condition. Regular use of anti-dandruff shampoos and a diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants can also help manage symptoms.

Conclusion

Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic and recurrent condition that, while not life-threatening, can significantly impact a patient’s quality of life. Proper treatment and skincare are essential to minimize symptoms and prevent recurrences. Mediss Medical Clinic offers specialized assistance in diagnosing and treating SD, providing patients with comprehensive care and support.